Rainier III of Monaco

Rainier III, Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi (born May 31, 1923), is the hereditary Prince of Monaco.

He was born in the principality of Monaco, the only son of Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette of Monaco (1898 - 1977) -- the illegitimate and later legitimated Algerian-born daughter of Louis II of Monaco and cabaret singer Juliette Louvet -- and her husband, Prince Pierre-Marie-Xavier-Antoine-Melchior of Monaco (1895 - 1964), née Comte de Polignac. He had one sister, Princess Antoinette.

Rainier was first sent to study at St. Leonards-on-Sea in England, then at Stowe[?], a prestigious private English school. From there, he went to Institute Le Rosey, Rolle/Gstaad[?], Switzerland before going on to university in France.

His grandfather, Prince Louis II, had been a General in the French army and during World War II. Rainier served as an artillery officer in the army. Second Lieutenant Rainier fought so courageously during the German counter-offensive in Alsace that he won the "Croix de Guerre[?]," the "Bronze Star" and was given the rank of "Chevalier in the Legion of Honor."

On May 9, 1949, Rainier became the Prince of Monaco on the death of his grandfather, Louis II. His mother had previously renounced her rights to the throne in his favor.

In 1956, His Serene Highness the Prince Rainier III of Monaco married Oscar-winning American actress Grace Patricia Kelly (1929 - 1982). Their children are:

1. Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite[?], born January 23, 1957
2. Prince Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre, heir to the throne, and Marquis of Baux, born March 14, 1958
3. Princess Stephanie Marie Elisabeth, born February 1, 1965

As Prince, Rainier III was responsible for Monaco's new constitution in 1962 that significantly reduced the power of the sovereign. The changes ended autocratic rule, placing power with the prince and a National Council of eighteen elected members.

He is the world's second longest reigning monarch.