Charles I of Sicily

The posthumous son of king Louis VIII of France, Charles I (1227 - 1285) was created count of Anjou by his elder brother king Louis IX in 1246, founding the second Angevin dynasty.

In 1266 Charles was invested by Pope Clement IV with the kingship of Naples and Sicily, in return for expelling Manfred, son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. In 1261, Sicily alone had been entrusted to his rule.

Manfred's defeat and death in battle were followed (1268) by the defeat and execution of his nephew Conradin, but in 1282 Sicily rose against French officialdom and taxes intended to finance Charles's struggle to restore the Latin Empire at Constantinople.

The island was taken by king Peter III of Aragón, who became also Peter I of Sicily, but Charles remained in possession of mainland Naples until his death, acquiring in addition the now empty title of king of Jerusalem in 1277.

Charles's dynasty went on to rule Hungary and Poland for a time in the following century, but lost Naples in 1442. The main line in Anjou ended in 1481.