Battle of Nördlingen (1634)

This article is about the Battle of Nördlingen fought in 1634 in Germany as part of the Thirty Years War. See also Battle of Nördlingen (1645)

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Battle of Nördlingen
Dates of battle	September 5 & September 6, 1634
Conflict	Thirty Years' War
Battle before	Battle of Lützen (1632)
Battle after	Battle of Wittstock
Site of battle	near Nördlingen, Germany[?]
Combatant 1	Sweden, Saxony
led by	Field Marshal Gustav Horn, Duke Bernhard of Saxe Weimar[?]
Forces	16000 infantry, 9000 cavalry, and 20 guns
Combatant 2	Holy Roman Empire
led by	Ferdinand of Austria, Cardinal-Infante of Spain[?], King Ferdinand of Hungary, General Matthias Gallas[?]
Forces	21000 infantry, 14000 cavalry, and 60 guns
result	decisive Catholic victory

Prelude

After the Protestant victory at Lutzen, 2 years before, the Swedes failed to follow up their victory due to the death of their King Gustavus Adolphus. As a result, the Imperial forces regained the initiative. In 1634 they occupied the town of Regensburg. Threatening to advance further into Saxony, they started to besiege Nördlingen[?]. The Protestants realized they had to make some attempt to relieve the town, and planned a night attack.

Description of the battle

The Protestant's intended assault went wrong when their forces got cluttred up with artillery and supply wagons in front of the infantry. This gave the imperial forces time to prepare. Swedish infantry ended up in an unsupported attack on the Imperial positions. Nevertheless they pushed on and succeeded in driving back one Imperial flank. The Imperial commander responded by a coordinated attack on the Saxon lines, which broke and collapsed. Horn was captured, and the Protestant allies lost 12-14.000 men.

Aftermath

This battle marked the end of Swedish interference in the Thirty Years War. With Imperial forces threatening dominance in Germany, France stepped in.